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Commit: a96f9d7628de39acbdefdc43be1285df87057945
XML generation date: 2024-11-21 18:01:08.544
Product last modified at: 2025-02-05T13:00:14.610Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a

mTOR Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit #9964

    Product Information

    Product Description

    The mTOR Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit contains reagents to investigate the control of protein translation, cell growth, and proliferation through mTOR signaling within cells. The kit contains enough primary and secondary antibodies to perform two Western blot experiments per primary antibody.

    Background

    The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, FRAP, RAFT) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase (1-3) that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to balance nutrient availability and cell growth (4,5). When sufficient nutrients are available, mTOR responds to a phosphatidic acid-mediated signal to transmit a positive signal to p70 S6 kinase and participate in the inactivation of the eIF4E inhibitor, 4E-BP1 (6). These events result in the translation of specific mRNA subpopulations. mTOR is phosphorylated at Ser2448 via the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway and autophosphorylated at Ser2481 (7,8). mTOR plays a key role in cell growth and homeostasis and may be abnormally regulated in tumors. For these reasons, mTOR is currently under investigation as a potential target for anti-cancer therapy (9).
    The regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) interacts with mTOR to mediate mTOR signaling to downstream targets (10,11). Raptor binds to mTOR substrates, such as 4E-BP1 and p70 S6 kinase, through their TOR signaling (TOS) motifs and is required for mTOR-mediated substrate phosphorylation (12,13). Binding of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex to mTOR inhibits mTOR-raptor interaction, which suggests a mechanism for the inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin (14). This mTOR-raptor interaction and its regulation by nutrients and/or rapamycin is dependent on a protein called GβL (15). GβL is part of the rapamycin-insensitive complex between mTOR and rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR) and may mediate rictor-mTOR signaling to PKCα and other downstream targets (16). The rictor-mTOR complex has been identified as the previously elusive PDK2 responsible for the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB at Ser473, which is required for PDK1 phosphorylation of Akt/PKB at Thr308 and full activation of Akt/PKB (17).
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    4. Gingras, A.C. et al. (2001) Genes Dev 15, 807-26.
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    7. Navé, B.T. et al. (1999) Biochem J 344 Pt 2, 427-31.
    8. Peterson, R.T. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 7416-23.
    9. Huang, S. and Houghton, P.J. (2003) Curr Opin Pharmacol 3, 371-7.
    10. Hara, K. et al. (2002) Cell 110, 177-189.
    11. Kim, D.H. et al. (2002) Cell 110, 163-175.
    12. Beugnet, A. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 40717-40722.
    13. Nojima, H. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 15461-15464.
    14. Oshiro, N. et al. (2004) Genes Cells 9, 359-366.
    15. Kim, D.H. et al. (2003) Mol. Cell 11, 895-904.
    16. Sarbassov, D.D. et al. (2004) Curr. Biol. 14, 1296-1302.
    17. Sarbassov, D.D. et al. (2005) Science 307, 1098-1101.
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