Revision 3
#55226
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877-616-CELL (2355)
877-678-TECH (8324)
3 Trask Lane | Danvers | Massachusetts | 01923 | USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Applications:
W, IHC-Bond, IHC-P
Reactivity:
H M
Sensitivity:
Endogenous
MW (kDa):
25-30
Source/Isotype:
Rabbit IgG
UniProt ID:
#P16410
Entrez-Gene Id:
1493
Product Usage Information
This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Formulation
Supplied in 1X PBS, BSA and Azide Free.
For standard formulation of this product see product #53560
Storage
Specificity/Sensitivity
CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) recognizes endogenous levels of total CTLA-4 protein. Non-specific staining was observed in mouse and human normal and neoplastic liver, in human normal kidney, and in mouse stomach crypts.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln216 of human CTLA-4 protein.
Background
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is an Ig superfamily member that negatively regulates early T cell activation (1-4). The CTLA-4 protein is primarily expressed on T cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, and CD4+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (1,2). CTLA-4 protein competes with CD28 for B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) binding at the cell surface, which results in the downregulation of T cell activity (5). The activation of SHP-2 and PP2A downstream of CTLA-4 attenuates TCR signaling (6). Research studies indicate that CTLA4 knockout mice display lymphoproliferative disorders leading to early death, confirming the role of CTLA-4 as a negative regulator of T cells (7). Mutations in the corresponding CTLA4 gene are associated with multiple disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type V autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (8,9). Additional studies demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy (10-12).
Background References
- Brunet, J.F. et al. (1987) Nature 328, 267-70.
- Brunet, J.F. et al. (1988) Immunol Rev 103, 21-36.
- Dariavach, P. et al. (1988) Eur J Immunol 18, 1901-5.
- Linsley, P.S. (1995) J Exp Med 182, 289-92.
- Collins, A.V. et al. (2002) Immunity 17, 201-10.
- Rudd, C.E. et al. (2009) Immunol Rev 229, 12-26.
- Waterhouse, P. et al. (1995) Science 270, 985-8.
- Romo-Tena, J. et al. (2013) Autoimmun Rev 12, 1171-6.
- Wang, J. et al. (2014) PLoS One 9, e85982.
- Egen, J.G. et al. (2002) Nat Immunol 3, 611-8.
- Hodi, F.S. et al. (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 4712-7.
- Pardoll, D.M. (2012) Nat Rev Cancer 12, 252-64.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Applications Key
W: Western Blotting IHC-Bond: IHC Leica Bond
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: Human M: Mouse R: Rat Hm: Hamster Mk: Monkey Vir: Virus Mi: Mink C: Chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: Zebrafish B: Bovine Dg: Dog Pg: Pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: Horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: Rabbit G: Goat All: All Species Expected
Trademarks and Patents
Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
SignalStain is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.
Revision 3
Western blot analysis of extracts from various human and mouse cells using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb (upper) and b-actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb performed on the Leica® BOND™ Rx. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon adenocarcinoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb performed on the Leica® BOND™ Rx. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Revision 3
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human neuroendocrine lung carcinoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb performed on the Leica® BOND™ Rx. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human T-cell lymphoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Revision 3
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human urothelial carcinoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human ductal breast carcinoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human esophageal adenocarcinoma using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Revision 3
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded A20 syngeneic tumor using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded normal mouse spleen using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded normal mouse colon using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Revision 3
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded normal mouse thymus using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human appendix using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb (left) compared to concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (right). Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded MJ [G11] cell pellet (left, positive), 293T cell pellet (middle, negative), or CTLA-4-transfected 293T cell pellet (right, positive), using CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.