Human T Cell Co-inhibitory and Co-stimulatory Receptor IHC Antibody Sampler Kit #44689
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 14058: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 15094: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 15372: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 34594: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Flow Triton Permeabilization (Rabbit), Flow Cytometry Live Cell Unconjugated Rabbit
- 45208: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Flow Cytometry Live Cell Unconjugated Rabbit
- 61637: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunohistochemistry (LEICA® BOND™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence
- 64953: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Flow
- 68014: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 86163: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Flow
Product Description
Specificity / Sensitivity
Source / Purification
Background
4-1BB (TNFRSF9, CD137), GITR (TNFRSF18), OX40 (TNFRSF4, CD134), and CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154, TRAP, gp39) are immune cell co-stimulatory receptors that promote effector T cell survival and activation, and enable optimal immune responses to pathogens. 4-1BB is expressed in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. GITR is expressed constitutively at high levels on Tregs, at low levels on naive and memory T cells, and is induced upon T cell activation. Studies show GITR can also be induced on NK cells, macrophages, and DCs. GITR ligation has been shown to induce CD8+ T cell activation, cytoxicity, and memory T cell survival, and conversely inhibit Treg suppressive function while promoting effector T cell resistance to Treg suppression. OX40 is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, while CD40L is primarily expressed on the surface of T cells, but has also been reported in blood platelets, mast cells, basophils, NK cells, and B cells. Research studies show that agonists of these co-stimulatory receptors augment anti-tumor immunity in several cancer types. Due to the combined effects on both Treg suppression and effector cell activation, GITR represents a unique opportunity for immunotherapeutic intervention in cancer. These pathways are an important area of interest in the study of cancer, vascular diseases, and inflammatory disorders (4-7).
- Schildberg, F.A. et al. (2016) Immunity 44, 955-72.
- Anderson, A.C. et al. (2016) Immunity 44, 989-1004.
- Callahan, M.K. et al. (2016) Immunity 44, 1069-78.
- Ward-Kavanagh, L.K. et al. (2016) Immunity 44, 1005-19.
- Ara, A. et al. (2018) Immunotargets Ther 7, 55-61.
- Knee, D.A. et al. (2016) Eur J Cancer 67, 1-10.
- Chester, C. et al. (2018) Blood 131, 49-57.
Limited Uses
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