Revision 3
#31957
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877-616-CELL (2355)
877-678-TECH (8324)
3 Trask Lane | Danvers | Massachusetts | 01923 | USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Applications:
W, IHC-P, ELISA, IF-IC, FC-FP
Reactivity:
H M R Hm Mk Dm Z B
Sensitivity:
Endogenous
MW (kDa):
60
Source/Isotype:
Rabbit IgG
UniProt ID:
#P31751, #Q9Y243, #P31749
Entrez-Gene Id:
208, 10000, 207
Product Usage Information
This product is the carrier-free version of product #4060. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol.
This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN, or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier-free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Formulation
Storage
Specificity/Sensitivity
Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) detects endogenous levels of Akt only when phosphorylated at Ser473.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser473 of human Akt protein.
Background
Akt, also referred to as PKB or Rac, plays a critical role in controlling cell survival and apoptosis (1-3). This protein kinase is activated by insulin and various growth and survival factors to function in a wortmannin-sensitive pathway involving PI3 kinase (2,3). Akt is activated by phospholipid binding and activation loop phosphorylation at Thr308 by PDK1 (4) and by phosphorylation within the carboxy terminus at Ser473. The previously elusive PDK2 responsible for phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 has been identified as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a rapamycin-insensitive complex with rictor and Sin1 (5,6). Akt promotes cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis through phosphorylation and inactivation of several targets, including Bad (7), forkhead transcription factors (8), c-Raf (9), and caspase-9. PTEN phosphatase is a major negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (10). LY294002 is a specific PI3 kinase inhibitor (11). Another essential Akt function is the regulation of glycogen synthesis through phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3α and β (12,13). Akt may also play a role in insulin stimulation of glucose transport (12). In addition to its role in survival and glycogen synthesis, Akt is involved in cell cycle regulation by preventing GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of cyclin D1 (14) and by negatively regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 Kip1 (15) and p21 Waf1/Cip1 (16). Akt also plays a critical role in cell growth by directly phosphorylating mTOR in a rapamycin-sensitive complex containing raptor (17). More importantly, Akt phosphorylates and inactivates tuberin (TSC2), an inhibitor of mTOR within the mTOR-raptor complex (18,19).
Background References
- Franke, T.F. et al. (1997) Cell 88, 435-7.
- Burgering, B.M. and Coffer, P.J. (1995) Nature 376, 599-602.
- Franke, T.F. et al. (1995) Cell 81, 727-36.
- Alessi, D.R. et al. (1996) EMBO J 15, 6541-51.
- Sarbassov, D.D. et al. (2005) Science 307, 1098-101.
- Jacinto, E. et al. (2006) Cell 127, 125-37.
- Cardone, M.H. et al. (1998) Science 282, 1318-21.
- Brunet, A. et al. (1999) Cell 96, 857-68.
- Zimmermann, S. and Moelling, K. (1999) Science 286, 1741-4.
- Cantley, L.C. and Neel, B.G. (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 4240-5.
- Vlahos, C.J. et al. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 5241-8.
- Hajduch, E. et al. (2001) FEBS Lett 492, 199-203.
- Cross, D.A. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 785-9.
- Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 3499-511.
- Gesbert, F. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 39223-30.
- Zhou, B.P. et al. (2001) Nat Cell Biol 3, 245-52.
- Navé, B.T. et al. (1999) Biochem J 344 Pt 2, 427-31.
- Inoki, K. et al. (2002) Nat Cell Biol 4, 648-57.
- Manning, B.D. et al. (2002) Mol Cell 10, 151-62.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Applications Key
W: Western Blotting IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) IF-IC: Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) FC-FP: Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: Human M: Mouse R: Rat Hm: Hamster Mk: Monkey Vir: Virus Mi: Mink C: Chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: Zebrafish B: Bovine Dg: Dog Pg: Pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: Horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: Rabbit G: Goat All: All Species Expected
Trademarks and Patents
Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
Alexa Fluor is a registered trademark of Life Technologies Corporation.
U.S. Patent No. 7,429,487, foreign equivalents, and child patents deriving therefrom.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.
Revision 3
Western blot analysis of extracts from PC-3 cells, untreated or LY294002/wortmannin-treated, and NIH/3T3 cells, serum-starved or PDGF-treated, using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or Akt (pan) (C67E7) Rabbit mAb #4691 (lower). Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Revision 3
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded PTEN heterozygous mutant mouse endometrium using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb. (Tissue section courtesy of Dr. Sabina Signoretti, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.) Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded MDA-MB-468 xenograft using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (left) or PTEN (138G6) Rabbit mAb #9559 (right). Note the presence of P-Akt staining in the PTEN deficient MDA-MB-468 cells. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma comparing SignalStain® Antibody Diluent #8112 (left) to TBST/5% normal goat serum (right) using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb #4060. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Revision 3
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded U-87 MG xenograft, untreated (left) or lambda phosphatase-treated (right), using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded LNCaP cells, untreated (left) or LY294002-treated (right), using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb on SignalSlide® Phospho-Akt (Ser473) IHC Controls #8101. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of C2C12 cells, LY294002-treated (left) or insulin-treated (right), using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor® 555 Phalloidin #8953 (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye). Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.
Revision 3
Flow cytometric analysis of Jurkat cells, untreated (green) or treated with LY294002 #9901, Wortmannin #9951, and U0126 #9903 (50 μM, 1 μM, and 10 μM, 2 hr; blue) using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody. Data were generated using the standard formulation of this product.