Revision 1
#27337
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For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Applications:
W, IHC-Bond, IHC-P, FC-L
Reactivity:
H
Sensitivity:
Endogenous (IHC-P), Transfected (W, F)
MW (kDa):
40-60
Source/Isotype:
Rabbit IgG
UniProt ID:
#Q96H15
Entrez-Gene Id:
91937
Product Usage Information
This product is the carrier-free version of product #75484. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol.
This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN, or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier-free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Formulation
Supplied in 1X PBS, BSA and Azide Free.
For standard formulation of this product see product #75484.
Storage
Specificity/Sensitivity
TIM-4 (D3W4F) XP® Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) recognizes endogenous levels of total TIM-4 protein. This antibody does not cross-react with TIM-1 or TIM-3.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro215 of human TIM-4 protein.
Background
T cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecules (TIMs) are a family of transmembrane proteins expressed by various immune cells. TIM-4 is expressed by dendritic cells and macrophages (1). Like TIM-1, TIM-4 is a receptor for phosphatidylserine (2). Interaction of TIM-4 with phosphatidylserine exposed by cells undergoing apoptosis leads to uptake of apoptotic cells (2,3). In this way, TIM-4 regulates adaptive immunity by removing apoptotic antigen-specific T cells following clearance of infection. Peritoneal macrophages from mice deficient in TIM-4 fail to effectively clear apoptotic cells leading to hyperactive T and B cells and autoimmunity (4). In addition, TIM-4 expressed by tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells leads to autophagy-mediated degradation of dying tumor cells, resulting in reduced antigen presentation and T cell responses (5). TIM-4 was also identified as a ligand for TIM-1, and interaction between these proteins regulates T cell proliferation (1). Finally, TIM-4 is expressed by a subset of proinflammatory B cells that produce IFN-γ and promote Th1 cell differentiation (6).
Background References
- Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Nat Immunol 6, 455-64.
- Miyanishi, M. et al. (2007) Nature 450, 435-9.
- Kobayashi, N. et al. (2007) Immunity 27, 927-40.
- Rodriguez-Manzanet, R. et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 8706-11.
- Baghdadi, M. et al. (2013) Immunity 39, 1070-81.
- Ding, Q. et al. (2017) J Immunol 199, 2585-2595.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Applications Key
W: Western Blotting IHC-Bond: IHC Leica Bond FC-L: Flow Cytometry (Live)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: Human M: Mouse R: Rat Hm: Hamster Mk: Monkey Vir: Virus Mi: Mink C: Chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: Zebrafish B: Bovine Dg: Dog Pg: Pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: Horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: Rabbit G: Goat All: All Species Expected
Trademarks and Patents
Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.