Glycolysis Antibody Sampler Kit #8337
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 2024: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Flow
- 2867: Western Blotting
- 3190: Western Blotting, Immunofluorescence
- 3205: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 3582: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Flow
- 4053: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Flow
- 5174: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence
- 7074: Western Blotting
- 8164: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose)
Product Description
Specificity / Sensitivity
GAPDH (D16H11) XP® Rabbit mAb, Hexokinase I (C35C4) Rabbit mAb, Hexokinase II (C64G5) Rabbit mAb, LDHA (C4B5) Rabbit mAb, PKM2 (D78A4) XP® Rabbit mAb, and PFKP (D4B2) Rabbit mAb all detect endogenous levels of their respective total proteins. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (C54G1) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total Pyruvate Dehydrogenase α1 subunit. PKM1/2 (C103A3) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total PKM (including M1 and M2) protein.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the respective sequences of human GAPDH, Hexokinase I, Hexokinase II, LDHA, PKM2, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase or PFKP protein.
Background
Glycolysis is the metabolic process by which glucose is converted to pyruvate in a sequence of enzymatic steps. Hexokinase catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in glycolysis. Hexokinases I, II, and III are associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane and are critical for maintaining an elevated rate of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells (Warburg effect) (1). Phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate. Platelet-type phosphofructokinase (PFKP) is expressed in various cell types (2). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (3). Pyruvate kinase, a glycolytic enzyme, catalyses the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. In mammals, the M1 isoform (PKM1) is expressed in most adult tissues. The M2 isoform (PKM2), an alternatively-spliced variant of M1, is expressed during embryonic development (4). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and NADH to lactate and NAD+ (5). LDHA expression is induced when the oxygen supply is too low for mitochondrial ATP production (6). The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate and CoA into acetyl-CoA and CO2 in the presence of NAD+. The reaction of oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate serves as a critical link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and lipid metabolism (7).
- WARBURG, O. (1956) Science 123, 309-14.
- Morrison, N. et al. (1992) Hum Genet 89, 105-6.
- Barber, R.D. et al. (2005) Physiol Genomics 21, 389-95.
- Christofk, H.R. et al. (2008) Nature 452, 230-3.
- Semenza, G.L. et al. (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 32529-37.
- Semenza, G.L. (2007) Biochem J 405, 1-9.
- Strumiło, S. (2005) Acta Biochim Pol 52, 759-64.
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