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XML generation date: 2024-09-30 18:16:08.693
Product last modified at: 2024-11-18T16:45:08.891Z
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PDP - Template Name: Chemical Modulators
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  1. Products /
  2. Activators & Inhibitors /
  3. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) #14011

    Product Information

    Product Usage Information

    For a 1 mg/ml stock, reconstitute the 10 mg in 10 ml sterile PBS. Working concentrations and length of treatment can vary depending on the desired effect, but it is typically used at 10-1000 ng/ml for 15 min-24 hours. Soluble in PBS and cell culture medium at 5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml, respectively.

    Storage

    Store lyophilized at 4ºC. In lyophilized form, the product is stable for 24 months. Once in solution store at -80ºC and use within 3 months to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

    Product Description

    LPS is supplied as a lyophilized powder and is from E. coli serotype O111:B4. It is purified via phenol extraction.
    Solubility Soluble in PBS and H2O at 5mg/ml and cell culture medium at 1mg/ml.

    Background

    Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a major glycolipid constituent of the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. LPS molecules typically consist of a strain-specific distal polysaccharide side chain known as the O-antigen, a hydrophilic core oligosaccharide, and a hydrophobic domain referred to as lipid A. Lipid A is covalently bound to the outer bacterial membrane and is responsible for the toxicity of LPS (1-3). LPS is a potent activator of the proinflammatory response in many mammalian cell types, including macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Investigators have demonstrated that LPS binds to the CD14/TLR4/MD2 receptor complex, which in turn induces inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, Interleukin-1, and IFN-α, as well as numerous inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, NF-κB, RIG-1, and IRF-3 (4-6).

    Limited Uses

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    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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