Keratin 17/19 (D4G2) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #41413
- IHC
- IF
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | H M R |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Application Key:
- IHC-Immunohistochemistry
- IF-Immunofluorescence
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
- M-Mouse
- R-Rat
Product Information
Product Description
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) | 1:50 - 1:200 |
| Immunofluorescence (Frozen) | 1:100 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:100 |
Storage
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Source / Purification
Background
Dysregulation/mutations in keratin genes can lead to a variety of disorders affecting the skin, hair, nails, and other epithelial tissues (3). While expression of keratins can be variable, immunohistochemical staining of keratins is widely used to help in the identification and classification of epithelial tumors, and may also provide prognostic information.
Keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18) are expressed in simple epithelia of normal tissue, as well as in adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract. Keratin 17 is expressed in basal keratinocytes of stratified epithelia, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. Onset of keratin 17 expression coincides with the definition of major epithelial lineages during skin development (4). Keratin 14 (K14) is expressed in basal cells of stratified epithelia, and in basal-like subtypes of breast cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. Keratin 19 (K19) is expressed in glandular epithelia, including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, as well as in adenocarcinomas of the breast, thyroid, and bile duct. Keratin 20 (K20) is expressed in gastrointestinal epithelium, urothelium, and Merkel cells in the skin, as well as in colorectal carcinomas and some urothelial carcinomas. Keratin 5/6 (K5/6) is expressed in basal cells of stratified epithelia, including the skin, prostate, and breast, as well as in basal-like breast cancers, squamous cell carcinomas, and some lung carcinomas. Keratin 7 (K7) is expressed in glandular epithelia, such as those in the lung, breast, and female reproductive tract, as well as in adenocarcinomas of the lung, breast, and ovary (5,6).
Keratins, particularly K8, K18, and K19, serve as biomarkers for identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) (5).
Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, and transamidation, have been shown to affect the functions of keratins in normal and disease states (6). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these PTMs may provide insights into cancer pathogenesis.
Keratin 17 is involved in wound healing and cell growth, two processes that require rapid cytoskeletal remodeling (7). Keratinocytes deficient in keratin 17 exhibit abnormal Akt/mTOR signaling and fail to produce an increase in translation, cell size, or growth; these cells also exhibit abnormal 14-3-3σ localization. As 14-3-3σ typically associates with keratin 17, these results imply that Akt/mTOR signaling results in sequestration of 14-3-3σ with keratin 17 in the cytosol, which is required for translation and cell growth. Phosphorylation of keratin 17 on Ser44 may provide a docking site for 14-3-3σ binding (8).
- Chang, L. and Goldman, R.D. (2004) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5, 601-13.
- Schweizer, J. et al. (2006) J Cell Biol 174, 169-74.
- Sarma, A. (2022) Int J Biol Macromol 219, 395-413.
- McGowan, K.M. and Coulombe, P.A. (1998) J Cell Biol 143, 469-86.
- Werner, S. et al. (2020) Mol Aspects Med 72, 100817.
- Dmello, C. et al. (2019) J Biosci 44, 33.
- Paladini, R.D. et al. (1996) J Cell Biol 132, 381-97.
- Kim, S. et al. (2006) Nature 441, 362-5.
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.