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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Duet
PDP - Template ID: *******ad0fa02

PhosphoPlus® Atg16L1 (Ser278) Antibody Duet #10709

    Product Information

    Product Description

    PhosphoPlus® Duets from Cell Signaling Technology (CST) provide a means to assess protein activation status. Each Duet contains an activation-state and total protein antibody to your target of interest. These antibodies have been carefully selected to provide superior performance in specified applications.

    Background

    Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. Control of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and involves proteins encoded by a set of autophagy-related genes (Atg) (1). Formation of autophagic vesicles requires a pair of essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8 (LC3)-phosphatidylethanolamine (LC3-PE), which are widely conserved in eukaryotes (2).Mammalian Atg16L1, containing an amino-terminal coiled-coil domain and carboxyl-terminal WD-repeats, has multiple isoforms produced by alternative splicing (3,4). Atg16L1 provides a functional link between the two crucial ubiquitin-like conjugation systems of autophagy. Atg16L1 binds Atg5 of the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate forming an 800 kDa multimeric complex (3). The Atg12-Atg-5-Atg16L1 complex localizes to pre-autophagosomal membranes, where it determines the site of LC3 lipidation and catalyzes the reaction required for the formation of mature autophagosomes (3,5). Genome-wide association scanning revealed variations in the Atg16L1 gene associated with Crohn's disease (6,7). Mice lacking the coiled-coil domain of Atg16L1 have impaired autophagosome formation and elevated inflammatory cytokines, consistent with its role in inflammatory disease pathogenesis (8). Hypomorphic Atg16L1 mice also show defects in autophagy and abnormalities in intestinal Paneth cell function similar to that found in Crohn's disease (9).

    ULK1-mediated phosphorylation of Atg16L1 at Ser278 promotes xenophagy, a selective autophagic process directed against pathogens (10).
    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
    Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    PhosphoPlus is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    KARPAS cell line source: Dr. Abraham Karpas at the University of Cambridge.
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