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Render Timestamp: 2024-12-20T11:15:55.086Z
Commit: f2d32940205a64f990b886d724ccee2c9935daff
XML generation date: 2024-04-05 20:16:50.384
Product last modified at: 2024-12-03T22:45:08.593Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Autophagosome Marker Antibody Sampler Kit

Autophagosome Marker Antibody Sampler Kit #8666

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Autophagosome Marker Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means to investigate the accumulation of autophagosomes within the cell. The kit contains enough primary and secondary antibodies to perform two western blots per primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the Autophagosome Marker Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of total respective protein. Atg12 Antibody (Human Specific) recognizes free Atg12 and the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate. LC3A (D50G8) XP® Rabbit mAb and LC3B (D11) XP® Rabbit mAb may cross-react with other LC3 isoforms and have stronger reactivity with the type II form.

    Source / Purification

    Antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human Atg12 protein, residues near the amino terminus of human LC3A protein, or residues near the amino terminus of human LC3B protein. Polyclonal antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

    Background

    Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes. Formation of the autophagosome involves a ubiquitin-like conjugation system in which Atg12 is covalently bound to Atg5 and targeted to autophagosome vesicles (4-6). This conjugation reaction is mediated by the ubiquitin E1-like enzyme Atg7 and the E2-like enzyme Atg10 (7,8). Autophagy marker Light Chain 3 (LC3) was originally identified as a subunit of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B (termed MAP1LC3) (9) and subsequently found to contain similarity to the yeast protein Apg8/Aut7/Cvt5 that is critical for autophagy (10). Three human LC3 isoforms (LC3A, LC3B, and LC3C) undergo post-translational modifications during autophagy (11-14). Cleavage of LC3 at the carboxy terminus immediately following synthesis yields the cytosolic LC3-I form. During autophagy, LC3-I is converted to LC3-II through lipidation by a ubiquitin-like system involving Atg7 and Atg3 that allows for LC3 to become associated with autophagic vesicles (11-15). The presence of LC3 in autophagosomes and the conversion of LC3 to the lower migrating form LC3-II have been used as indicators of autophagy (16).
    1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
    2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
    3. Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
    4. Mizushima, N. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 33889-92.
    5. Mizushima, N. et al. (1998) Nature 395, 395-8.
    6. Suzuki, K. et al. (2001) EMBO J 20, 5971-81.
    7. Tanida, I. et al. (1999) Mol Biol Cell 10, 1367-79.
    8. Shintani, T. et al. (1999) EMBO J 18, 5234-41.
    9. Mann, S.S. and Hammarback, J.A. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 11492-7.
    10. Lang, T. et al. (1998) EMBO J 17, 3597-607.
    11. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 5720-8.
    12. Wu, J. et al. (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 339, 437-42.
    13. He, H. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 29278-87.
    14. Tanida, I. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 47704-10.
    15. Ichimura, Y. et al. (2000) Nature 408, 488-92.
    16. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: Q9H492 , Q9GZQ8 , O94817


    Entrez-Gene Id: 84557 , 81631 , 9140


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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