IL-17F (D3M4D) Rabbit mAb #13186

The IL-17 family of cytokines consists of IL-17A-F, and their receptors include IL-17RA-RE (1). IL-17 cytokines are produced by a variety of cell types including the Th17 subset of CD4+ T cells, as well as subsets of γδ T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells (2). IL-17A and IL-17F, the most well-studied of the IL-17 cytokines, contribute to fungal and bacterial immunity by inducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides (2). In addition, IL-17A contributes to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases (3). IL-17E promotes Th2 cell responses (4). The roles of IL-17B, IL-17C, and IL-17D are less clear, however these family members also appear to have the capacity to induce proinflammatory cytokines (1,5,6). IL-17 receptors have an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a SEFIR domain. They are believed to signal as homodimers, heterodimers, or multimers through their SEFIR domain by recruiting the SEFIR domain-containing adaptor Act1 (7). Unlike most cytokines that signal through Jak/STAT pathways, IL-17 signaling results in NF-κB activation (8).
IL-17F is a cysteine-linked proinflammatory cytokine that can dimerize with itself or form heterodimers with the IL-17 family member that it shares 50% homology with, IL-17A (9). Although mainly produced by Th17 cells, IL-17F expression has been observed in several cell types including activated CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, B cells and LTi cells. IL-17F binds to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-17RA and IL-17RC, which upon binding induces the TRAF6-mediated activation of TAK and the Erk1/2 MAP kinase pathway (10). This induces the expression of numerous inflammatory chemokines and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1β along with increased adhesion molecule expression in human airway epithelial cells, vein endothelial cells, and fibroblasts (11). IL-17F has been linked with asthma and other autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (12).