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Product last modified at: 2024-09-20T07:01:40.763Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Microglia Cross Module Antibody Sampler Kit

Microglia Cross Module Antibody Sampler Kit #83163

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Microglia Cross Module Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting proteins identified as markers of microglial activity corresponding to proliferation, neurodegeneration, interferon and LPS-relation by western blot and/or immunofluorescence.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the Microglia Cross Module Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. Hydroxy-HIF-1α (Pro564) (D43B5) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of HIF-1α only when hydroxylated at Pro564. This antibody may cross-react with other overexpressed proline hydroxylated proteins. Phospho-Stat2 (Tyr690) (D3P2P) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Stat2 protein only when phosphorylated at Tyr690. Axl (C89E7) Rabbit mAb does not cross-react with Tyro3. HS1 (D5A9) XP® Rabbit mAb (Rodent Specific) does not recognize human HS1 protein. HS1 has a calculated size of 54 kDa, but has an apparent molecular weight of 80 kDa on SDS-PAGE gels. Lamin A/C (4C11) Mouse mAb detects endogenous levels of lamin A and lamin C proteins. It also reacts with the larger fragments of lamin A (50 kDa) and lamin C (41 kDa) produced by caspase cleavage during apoptosis. This antibody does not cross-react with lamins B1 and B2.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Leu310 of mouse HS1, Pro564 of human HIF-1α, Leu706 of human Stat2, Tyr690 of human Stat2, the amino terminus of human Ki-67 and IQGAP1, and recombinant fragment of human Axl, human lamin A, and mouse ASC/TMS1.

    Background

    Distinct microglial activation states have been identified using RNA-seq data from a vast array of neurological disease and aging models. These activation states have been categorized into modules corresponding to proliferation, neurodegeneration, interferon-relation, LPS-relation, and many others (1). Previous work identifying markers of specific brain cell types using RNA-seq has shown HS1 and ASC/TMS1 to be useful and specific tools to study microglia (2). HS1 is a protein kinase substrate that is expressed only in tissues and cells of hematopoietic origin (3) and ASC/TMS1 has been found to be a critical component of inflammatory signaling where it associates with and activates caspase-1 in response to pro-inflammatory signals (4).
    Ki-67 is a nuclear nonhistone protein (5) universally expressed among proliferating cells and absent in quiescent cells (6). Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds Gas6, stimulating regulatory effects on microglial phagocytic response to inflammatory stimuli (7). Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor responsible for adaptation to low oxygen environments whose downstream effects have been shown in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1α is proline hydroxylated leading to ubiquitin mediated degradation (8). Stat2 is critical to the transcriptional responses induced by type I interferons, IFN-alpha/beta (9,10). In response to IFN-alpha/beta, Stat2 is activated by phosphorylation at site Tyr690 through associations with receptor-bound Jak kinases (11). Lamins are nuclear membrane structural components important for maintaining normal cell functions. Lamin A/C is cleaved by caspase-6 and serves as a marker for caspase-6 activation. The cleavage of lamins results in nuclear dysregulation and cell death (12,13). IQGAP1 is ubiquitously expressed and has been found to interact with APC (14) and the CLIP170 complex in response to small GTPases, promoting cell polarization and migration (15).
    1. Friedman, B.A. et al. (2018) Cell Rep 22, 832-47.
    2. Zhang, Y. et al. (2014) J Neurosci 34, 11929-47.
    3. Kitamura, D. et al. (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 208, 1137-46.
    4. Srinivasula, S.M. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 21119-22.
    5. Gerdes, J. et al. (1983) Int J Cancer 31, 13-20.
    6. Weigel, M.T. and Dowsett, M. (2010) Endocr Relat Cancer 17, R245-62.
    7. Grommes, C. et al. (2008) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 3, 130-40.
    8. Zhang, Z. et al. (2011) Curr Med Chem 18, 4335-43.
    9. Fu, X.Y. et al. (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89, 7840-3.
    10. Ihle, J.N. (2001) Curr Opin Cell Biol 13, 211-7.
    11. Improta, T. et al. (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91, 4776-80.
    12. Oberhammer, F.A. et al. (1994) J Cell Biol 126, 827-37.
    13. Rao, L. et al. (1996) J Cell Biol 135, 1441-55.
    14. Watanabe, T. et al. (2004) Dev Cell 7, 871-83.
    15. Fukata, M. et al. (2002) Cell 109, 873-85.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: P52630 , Q16665 , P30530 , P46940 , P46013 , P14317 , Q9EPB4 , P02545


    Entrez-Gene Id: 6773 , 3091 , 558 , 8826 , 4288 , 3059 , 66824 , 4000


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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