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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Mitophagy Antibody Sampler Kit

Mitophagy Antibody Sampler Kit #43110

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Mitophagy Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting proteins involved in the process of mitophagy. The kit includes enough primary antibody to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the Mitophagy Antibody Sampler kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. LC3B (D11) XP® Rabbit mAb detects type I and type II forms of LC3B. Weaker reactivity is observed with rodent LC3B.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Gly162 of human SQSTM1/p62, Val135 of human NDP52, Pro140 of human PINK1, Leu410 of human Optineurin, Glu128 of human BNIP3L/Nix, peptide sequences corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human LC3B, the amino terminus of human BNIP3, a recombinant fusion protein with an epitope that maps to the carboxy terminus of human Parkin, and a synthetic phospho-peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser65 of human Ubiquitin protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

    Background

    Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosome-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1, 2). Selective autophagy targets the degradation of distinct sets of substrates and organelles (3-5). One of the best studied examples of selective autophagy involves the clearance of damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy. Several pathways have been described for various contexts of mitophagy, including the FUNDC1 pathway, the BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix pathway, and the PINK1/Parkin pathway. FUNDC1 is a mitochondrial protein that is phosphorylated by the autophagy kinase ULK1 and regulates hypoxia induced mitophagy (6, 7). BNIP3L/Nix and BNIP3 are members of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators that are expressed on mitochondria, induced by hypoxia, and have been shown to play a role in mitophagy (8). BNIP3L/Nix is also important in the autophagic maturation of erythroid cells (9). FUNDC1, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix bind to LC3 family members, targeting the mitochondria to the autophagosome.

    Non-hypoxic induction of mitophagy can be regulated by the PINK1/Parkin pathway, which plays causative roles in neurodegenerative disease, most notably Parkinson’s disease (10, 11). PINK1 is a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase that is stabilized on the outer mitochondrial membrane of damaged mitochondria. Substrates of PINK1 include the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and ubiquitin itself (12-14). Phosphorylation of Parkin as well as binding to phosphorylated ubiquitin leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated chains on multiple mitochondrial proteins. Ubiquitinated proteins are recognized by selective cargo receptors including SQSTM1/p62, Optineurin, and NDP52 (15-16). Autophagy cargo receptors contain an LC3-interacting region (LIR) required for binding to Atg8/LC3 family members and targeting to the autophagosome (3).
    1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
    2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
    3. Birgisdottir, Å.B. et al. (2013) J Cell Sci 126, 3237-47.
    4. Xu, Z. et al. (2015) Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47, 571-80.
    5. Mancias, J.D. and Kimmelman, A.C. (2016) J Mol Biol 428, 1659-80.
    6. Liu, L. et al. (2012) Nat Cell Biol 14, 177-85.
    7. Wu, W. et al. (2014) EMBO Rep 15, 566-75.
    8. Sowter, H.M. et al. (2001) Cancer Res 61, 6669-73.
    9. Sandoval, H. et al. (2008) Nature 454, 232-5.
    10. Kitada, T. et al. (1998) Nature 392, 605-8.
    11. Valente, E.M. et al. (2004) Science 304, 1158-60.
    12. Kim, Y. et al. (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 377, 975-80.
    13. Kane, L.A. et al. (2014) J Cell Biol 205, 143-53.
    14. Koyano, F. et al. (2014) Nature 510, 162-6.
    15. Heo, J.M. et al. (2015) Mol Cell 60, 7-20.
    16. Lazarou, M. et al. (2015) Nature 524, 309-314.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: Q12983 , Q9BXM7 , Q13501 , Q96CV9 , Q13137 , P62987 , Q9GZQ8 , P0CG48 , O60260 , P0CG47 , P62979 , O60238


    Entrez-Gene Id: 664 , 65018 , 8878 , 10133 , 10241 , 7311 , 81631 , 7316 , 5071 , 7314 , 6233 , 665


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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