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Commit: f2d32940205a64f990b886d724ccee2c9935daff
XML generation date: 2024-10-28 20:01:11.594
Product last modified at: 2024-12-23T16:30:09.242Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. mTOR Regulation Antibody Sampler Kit

mTOR Regulation Antibody Sampler Kit #9864

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The mTOR Regulation Sampler Kit provides an economical means to evaluate the regulation of mTOR signaling by such proteins as phosphorylated Raptor, RagC and PRAS40. The kit contains enough primary and secondary antibodies to perform two Western blot experiments per primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the mTOR Regulation Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. Activation state antibodies detect only target proteins phosphorylated at indicated residues. Phospho-Raptor (Ser792) Antibody may also detect non-specific signals of various molecular weights.

    Source / Purification

    Phospho-specific polyclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ser792 of human raptor. Polyclonal antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Phospho-specific monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to the sequence surrounding Thr246 of human PRAS40 and Ser2448 of human mTOR. Total protein monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ser2481 of human mTOR, the sequence of human PRAS40, and the residues near the aminoterminus of human RagC.

    Background

    The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, FRAP, RAFT) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase (1-3) that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to balance nutrient availability and cell growth (4,5). When sufficient nutrients are available, mTOR responds to a phosphatidic acid-mediated signal to transmit a positive signal to p70 S6 kinase and participate in the inactivation of the eIF4E inhibitor, 4E-BP1 (6). These events result in the translation of specific mRNA subpopulations. mTOR is phosphorylated at Ser2448 via the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway and autophosphorylated at Ser2481 (7,8). mTOR plays a key role in cell growth and homeostasis and may be abnormally regulated in tumors. For these reasons, mTOR is currently under investigation as a potential target for anti-cancer therapy (9).
    The regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) was identified as an mTOR binding partner that mediates mTOR signaling to downstream targets (10,11). Raptor binds to mTOR substrates, including 4E-BP1 and p70 S6 kinase, through their TOR signaling (TOS) motifs and is required for mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of these substrates (12,13). PRAS40 interacts with raptor in insulin-deprived cells and inhibits the activation of the mTORC1 pathway. Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt at Thr246 relieves PRAS40 inhibition of mTORC1 (14). Recently raptor has been identified as a direct substrate of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (15). AMPK phosphorylates raptor on Ser722/Ser792 (15). This phosphorylation is essential for inhibition of the raptor-containing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and induces cell cycle arrest when cells are stressed for energy (15). These findings suggest that raptor is a critical switch that correlates cell cycle progression with energy status. The activity of mTORC1 kinase complex is modulated by energy levels, growth factors and amino acids (16,17). Recent studies found that RagA, RagB, RagC and RagD, the four related GTPases, interact with raptor in the mTORC1 complex (18,19). These interactions are both necessary and sufficient for mTORC1 activation in response to amino acid signals (18,19).
    1. Sabers, C.J. et al. (1995) J Biol Chem 270, 815-22.
    2. Brown, E.J. et al. (1994) Nature 369, 756-8.
    3. Sabatini, D.M. et al. (1994) Cell 78, 35-43.
    4. Gingras, A.C. et al. (2001) Genes Dev 15, 807-26.
    5. Dennis, P.B. et al. (2001) Science 294, 1102-5.
    6. Fang, Y. et al. (2001) Science 294, 1942-5.
    7. Navé, B.T. et al. (1999) Biochem J 344 Pt 2, 427-31.
    8. Peterson, R.T. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 7416-23.
    9. Huang, S. and Houghton, P.J. (2003) Curr Opin Pharmacol 3, 371-7.
    10. Hara, K. et al. (2002) Cell 110, 177-89.
    11. Kim, D.H. et al. (2002) Cell 110, 163-75.
    12. Beugnet, A. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 40717-22.
    13. Nojima, H. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 15461-4.
    14. Vander Haar, E. et al. (2007) Nat Cell Biol 9, 316-23.
    15. Gwinn, D.M. et al. (2008) Mol Cell 30, 214-26.
    16. Hay, N. and Sonenberg, N. (2004) Genes Dev 18, 1926-45.
    17. Wullschleger, S. et al. (2006) Cell 124, 471-84.
    18. Sancak, Y. et al. (2008) Science 320, 1496-501.
    19. Kim, E. et al. (2008) Nat Cell Biol 10, 935-45.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: P42345 , Q8N122 , Q9HB90 , Q96B36


    Entrez-Gene Id: 2475 , 57521 , 64121 , 84335


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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