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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Phospho-Chk1/2 Antibody Sampler Kit

Phospho-Chk1/2 Antibody Sampler Kit #9931

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Phospho-Chk1/2 Antibody Sampler Kit offers an economical means to evaluate the phosphorylation status of Chk1 and Chk2 on multiple residues. The kit contains enough primary and secondary antibodies to perform two Western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the Phospho-Chk1/2 Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its respective target protein.

    Source / Purification

    Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide and are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human proteins or synthetic peptides.

    Background

    Chk1 kinase acts downstream of ATM/ATR kinase and plays an important role in DNA damage checkpoint control, embryonic development, and tumor suppression (1). Activation of Chk1 involves phosphorylation at Ser317 and Ser345 by ATM/ATR, followed by autophosphorylation of Ser296. Activation occurs in response to blocked DNA replication and certain forms of genotoxic stress (2). While phosphorylation at Ser345 serves to localize Chk1 to the nucleus following checkpoint activation (3), phosphorylation at Ser317 along with site-specific phosphorylation of PTEN allows for re-entry into the cell cycle following stalled DNA replication (4). Chk1 exerts its checkpoint mechanism on the cell cycle, in part, by regulating the cdc25 family of phosphatases. Chk1 phosphorylation of cdc25A targets it for proteolysis and inhibits its activity through 14-3-3 binding (5). Activated Chk1 can inactivate cdc25C via phosphorylation at Ser216, blocking the activation of cdc2 and transition into mitosis (6). Centrosomal Chk1 has been shown to phosphorylate cdc25B and inhibit its activation of CDK1-cyclin B1, thereby abrogating mitotic spindle formation and chromatin condensation (7). Furthermore, Chk1 plays a role in spindle checkpoint function through regulation of aurora B and BubR1 (8). Research studies have implicated Chk1 as a drug target for cancer therapy as its inhibition leads to cell death in many cancer cell lines (9).
    Chk2 is the mammalian homologue of the budding yeast Rad53 and fission yeast Cds1 checkpoint kinases (5-7). The amino-terminal domain of Chk2 contains a series of seven serine or threonine residues (Ser19, Thr26, Ser28, Ser33, Ser35, Ser50 and Thr68) followed by glutamine (SQ or TQ motif). These are known to be preferred sites for phosphorylation by ATM/ATR kinases (8). Indeed, after DNA damage by ionizing radiation (IR), UV irradiation and DNA replication blocked by hydroxyurea, Thr68 and other sites in this region become phosphorylated by ATM/ATR (9-11). The SQ/TQ cluster domain, therefore, seems to have a regulatory function. Phosphorylation at Thr68 is a prerequisite for the subsequent activation step, which is attributable to autophosphorylation of Chk2 on residues Thr383 and Thr387 in the activation loop of the kinase domain (12).
    1. Liu, Q. et al. (2000) Genes Dev 14, 1448-59.
    2. Zhao, H. and Piwnica-Worms, H. (2001) Mol Cell Biol 21, 4129-39.
    3. Jiang, K. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 25207-17.
    4. Martin, S.A. and Ouchi, T. (2008) Mol Cancer Ther 7, 2509-16.
    5. Chen, M.S. et al. (2003) Mol Cell Biol 23, 7488-97.
    6. Zeng, Y. et al. (1998) Nature 395, 507-10.
    7. Löffler, H. et al. (2006) Cell Cycle 5, 2543-7.
    8. Zachos, G. et al. (2007) Dev Cell 12, 247-60.
    9. Garber, K. (2005) J Natl Cancer Inst 97, 1026-8.
    10. Allen, J.B. et al. (1994) Genes Dev 8, 2401-15.
    11. Weinert, T.A. et al. (1994) Genes Dev 8, 652-65.
    12. Murakami, H. and Okayama, H. (1995) Nature 374, 817-9.
    13. Kastan, M.B. and Lim, D.S. (2000) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 1, 179-86.
    14. Matsuoka, S. et al. (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 10389-94.
    15. Melchionna, R. et al. (2000) Nat Cell Biol 2, 762-5.
    16. Ahn, J.Y. et al. (2000) Cancer Res 60, 5934-6.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: O96017 , O14757


    Entrez-Gene Id: 11200 , 1111


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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