Thymidine Kinase 1 (E2H7Z) Rabbit mAb #28755
- WB
- IP
- IF
- F
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | H |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 26 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
- IP-Immunoprecipitation
- IF-Immunofluorescence
- F-Flow Cytometry
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:50 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:50 - 1:200 |
| Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) | 1:100 - 1:400 |
Storage
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Thymidine Kinase 1 (E2H7Z) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total thymidine kinase 1 protein.
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro209 of human thymidine kinase 1 protein.
Background
Thymidine kinases play a critical role in generating the DNA synthetic precursor deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) by catalyzing the phosphotransfer of phosphate from ATP to deoxythymidine (dT) and thymidine (T) in the cell. There are two known thymidine kinases, cytoplasmic thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) (1,2). Unlike TK2, which is not modulated by the cell cycle, TK1 expression and activity is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, accumulating during G1-phase to peak levels in S-phase before being degraded prior to cell division (3,4). Stability, but not activity, may be regulated via phosphorylation of TK1 at Ser13 by Cdc2 and/or Cdk2, but the precise mode of regulation remains elusive (5). These observations indicate that TK1 might be a useful marker of cell proliferation; however, recent studies have shown that TK1 plays a more significant role in the DNA damage response (6). Genotoxic stress promotes increased TK1 expression and kinase activity resulting in reduced cellular apoptosis and enhanced DNA repair efficiency (6). More importantly, numerous studies show that TK1 expression and activity are upregulated during neoplasia and disease progression in humans, and increased serum levels of TK1 correlate with poor prognosis and decreased survival in patients with various types of advanced tumors (7-12).
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- Munch-Petersen, B. (2010) Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 29, 363-9.
- Bello, L.J. (1974) Exp Cell Res 89, 263-74.
- Littlefield, J.W. (1966) Biochim Biophys Acta 114, 398-403.
- Chang, Z.F. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 12095-100.
- Chen, Y.L. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem 285, 27327-35.
- Hannigan, B.M. et al. (1993) Cancer Biother 8, 189-97.
- Pan, Z.L. et al. (2010) J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 136, 1193-9.
- Chen, Y. et al. (2010) Int J Clin Oncol 15, 359-68.
- Konoplev, S.N. et al. (2010) Am J Clin Pathol 134, 472-7.
- Xu, Y. et al. (2012) Tumour Biol 33, 475-83.
- Alegre, M.M. et al. (2012) J Oncol 2012, 575647.
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