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Product last modified at: 2024-10-11T07:01:27.929Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Xenophagy Antibody Sampler Kit

Xenophagy Antibody Sampler Kit #56175

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Xenophagy Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting selected targets involved in the process of xenophagy. The kit includes enough antibodies to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the Xenophagy Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. Galectin-3/LGALS3 (E7B6R) Rabbit mAb recognizes mouse Galectin-3/LGALS3 protein and is also reactive with human Galectin-3/LGALS3; however, this antibody is not suggested for immunohistochemical analysis of human tissues. Atg16L1 (D6D5) Rabbit mAb detects a background band at 40 kDa in some cell lines. Phospho-TBK1/NAK (Ser172) (D52C2) XP® Rabbit mAb may cross-react with phospho-IKKε. LC3B (E7X4S) XP® Rabbit mAb detects both type I and type II forms of LC3B. It weakly cross-reacts with LC3A by overexpression.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Pro143 of human LRSAM1, Gly15 of mouse Galectin-3/LGALS3, Val135 of human NDP52, residues near the carboxy terminus of human TAX1BP1 and human TBK1/NAK, residues near the amino terminus of human Atg16L1 and human LC3B, and synthetic phosphopeptides surrounding Ser278 of human Atg16L1 and Ser172 of human TBK1/NAK.

    Background

    Xenophagy provides an important defense against foreign pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, by targeting them for degradation through autophagy (1-3). Several well-known pathogens can be targeted for degradation through xenophagy, including Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and loss of core autophagy genes can result in enhanced vulnerability to these infections. Pathogens are generally targeted to LC3B or other Atg8 family members localized on autophagosome membranes. Sequestosome 1/p62-like receptors (SLRs) function as cargo receptors through ubiquitin-mediated interactions along with LIR-domain interactions with Atg8 proteins on the autophagosome. The SLR TAX1BP1 is recruited to ubiquitylated Salmonella and plays a key role in xenophagy (4). Another SLR NDP52 has also been reported to be required for xenophagy of several pathogens (5,6). LRSAM1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a leucine-rich repeat recognized by microbial ligands and recruits NDP52 (7). In addition, galectins are a family of cytosolic lectins that are associated with phagophores and bacteria. Galectin-3 is recruited to bacterial membranes and is important for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (8). TBK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a major role in controlling autophagy by targeting substrates in the SLR family and the maturation of autophagosomes. TBK1 is phosphorylated at Ser172 within its activation loop, which is required for its kinase activity (9). Atg16L1 is a component of the Atg12-Atg5 conjugation system required for autophagosome maturation (10,11). ULK1-mediated phosphorylation of Atg16L1 at Ser278 promotes xenophagy (12).

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: Q6UWE0 , Q86VP1 , Q676U5 , Q13137 , Q9CQV6 , Q9UHD2 , P16110


    Entrez-Gene Id: 90678 , 8887 , 55054 , 10241 , 67443 , 29110 , 16854


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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