Vimentin (D21H3) & CO-0012-488 SignalStar™ Oligo-Antibody Pair #96317
- IHC
Order Information # 96317
This product is not sold separately. Please see the SignalStar™ Multiplex IHC Panel Builder Tool for ordering information.
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| SignalStar™ Leica Bond | 1:50 - 1:200 |
| SignalStar™ Manual | 1:50 - 1:200 |
Storage
Product Description
SignalStar Oligo-Antibody Pairs are compatible with the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits for use in fluorescent multiplex imaging experiments. This product includes the oligo-conjugated antibodies and complementary oligos required for labeling your target protein on up to 10 slides. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits are required to amplify and image the target signal. Multiple oligo-antibody pairs can be conveniently combined into a multiplex panel using the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Panel Builder. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Kits & Reagents are not compatible with all of Cell Signaling Technology® products and protocols that are recommended for use in immunohistochemical assays.
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Vimentin (D21H3) XP® Rabbit mAb (SignalStar™ Conjugate 0012) detects endogenous levels of total vimentin protein.
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Arg45 of human vimentin protein.
Background
The cytoskeleton consists of three types of cytosolic fibers: microfilaments (actin filaments), intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Major types of intermediate filaments are distinguished by their cell-specific expression: cytokeratins (epithelial cells), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (glial cells), desmin (skeletal, visceral, and certain vascular smooth muscle cells), vimentin (mesenchyme origin), and neurofilaments (neurons). GFAP and vimentin form intermediate filaments in astroglial cells and modulate their motility and shape (1). In particular, vimentin filaments are present at early developmental stages, while GFAP filaments are characteristic of differentiated and mature brain astrocytes. Thus, GFAP is commonly used as a marker for intracranial and intraspinal tumors arising from astrocytes (2). Research studies have shown that vimentin is present in sarcomas, but not carcinomas, and its expression is examined in conjunction with that of other markers to distinguish between the two (3). Vimentin's dynamic structural changes and spatial re-organization in response to extracellular stimuli help to coordinate various signaling pathways (4). Phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser56 in smooth muscle cells regulates the structural arrangement of vimentin filaments in response to serotonin (5,6). Remodeling of vimentin and other intermediate filaments is important during lymphocyte adhesion and migration through the endothelium (7).
During mitosis, CDK1 phosphorylates vimentin at Ser56. This phosphorylation provides a PLK binding site for vimentin-PLK interaction. PLK further phosphorylates vimentin at Ser83, which might serve as a memory phosphorylation site and play a regulatory role in vimentin filament disassembly (8,9). Additionally, studies using various soft-tissue sarcoma cells have shown that phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser39 by Akt1 enhances cell migration and survival, suggesting that vimentin could be a potential target for soft-tissue sarcoma targeted therapy (10,11).
- Eng, L.F. et al. (2000) Neurochem Res 25, 1439-51.
- Goebel, H.H. et al. (1987) Acta Histochem Suppl 34, 81-93.
- Leader, M. et al. (1987) Histopathology 11, 63-72.
- Helfand, B.T. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 133-41.
- Tang, D.D. et al. (2005) Biochem J 388, 773-83.
- Fomina, I.G. et al. (1990) Klin Med (Mosk) 68, 125-7.
- Nieminen, M. et al. (2006) Nat Cell Biol 8, 156-62.
- Yamaguchi, T. et al. (2005) J Cell Biol 171, 431-6.
- Oguri, T. et al. (2006) Genes Cells 11, 531-40.
- Zhu, Q.S. et al. (2011) Oncogene 30, 457-70.
- Xue, G. and Hemmings, B.A. (2013) J Natl Cancer Inst 105, 393-404.
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