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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) IF Antibody Sampler Kit

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) IF Antibody Sampler Kit #49398

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) IF Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means to evaluate the expression of established markers of EMT by immunofluorescence (IF).

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Claudin-1 (D3H7C) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total claudin-1 protein. In both claudin-1-positive and claudin-1-negative cell lines, the antibody cross-reacts with a band of unknown origin, which migrates at approximately 120 kDa by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. This non-specific signal is not detected by fluorescent immunostaining. E-Cadherin (24E10) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total E-cadherin protein. The antibody does not cross-react with related family members, such as N-cadherin. N-Cadherin (D4R1H) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total N-cadherin protein. Some non-specific immunostaining has been observed in mouse kidney tissue. Slug (C19G7) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total Slug protein. TWIST1 (E7E2G) Rabbit mAb (IF Formulated) detects endogenous levels of total TWIST1 protein. Vimentin (D21H3) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total vimentin protein. ZEB1 (E2G6Y) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total ZEB1 protein. ZO-1 (D6L1E) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total ZO-1 protein.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro194 of human claudin-1 protein, Pro780 of human E-cadherin protein, Arg526 of human N-cadherin protein, Pro24 of human TWIST1 protein, Arg45 of human vimentin protein, or Ala1558 of human ZO-1 protein. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a recombinant protein corresponding to human Slug protein or the central region of human ZEB1 protein.

    Background

    Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process during development whereby epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal, fibroblast-like properties and display reduced intracellular adhesion and increased motility. This is a critical feature of normal embryonic development, which is also utilized by malignant epithelial tumors to spread beyond their origin (1-3). This tightly regulated process is associated with a number of cellular and molecular events. EMT depends on a reduction in expression of cell adhesion molecules. Cadherins mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion and play critical roles in normal tissue development (4). E-cadherin is considered an active suppressor of invasion and growth of many epithelial cancers (4-6). Recent studies indicate that cancer cells have upregulated N-cadherin in addition to loss of E-cadherin. This change in cadherin expression is called the "cadherin switch" and downregulation of E-cadherin is one of the hallmarks of EMT (1). Tight junctions, or zonula occludens, form a continuous barrier to fluids across the epithelium and endothelium. They function in regulation of paracellular permeability and in the maintenance of cell polarity, blocking the movement of transmembrane proteins between the apical and the basolateral cell surfaces. Tight junctions are composed of claudin and occludin proteins, which join the junctions to the cytoskeleton (7,8). Zona occludens (ZO) proteins (e.g., ZO-1) are peripheral membrane adaptor proteins that link junctional transmembrane proteins such as occludin and claudin to the actin cytoskeleton (9). ZO proteins are required for tight junction formation and function (10,11); mutations in ZO-1 and claudin induce EMT (12). Vimentin is an intermediate filament of mesenchymal origin and is present at early developmental stages. Vimentin's dynamic structural changes and spatial re-organization in response to extracellular stimuli helps to coordinate various signaling pathways (13). Slug (SNAI2) is a widely expressed transcriptional repressor and member of the Snail family of zinc finger transcription factors (14,15). Similar to the related Snail protein, Slug binds to the E-cadherin promoter region to repress transcription during development (16). The binding of Slug to integrin promoter sequences represses integrin expression and results in reduced cell adhesion (17). ZEB family proteins (e.g., ZEB1) are zinc finger and homeobox domain containing transcription factors, whose targets of regulation include E-cadherin (1). TWIST1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (b-HLH) transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of embryonic morphogenesis, and plays essential roles in mesenchymal differentiation (18,19). TWIST is upregulated in various human tumors and has been suggested to be a driver of EMT and metastasis (20-21).
    1. Aigner, K. et al. (2007) Oncogene 26, 6979-88.
    2. Peinado, H. et al. (2007) Nat Rev Cancer 7, 415-28.
    3. Moreno-Bueno, G. et al. (2008) Oncogene 27, 6958-69.
    4. Wheelock, M.J. and Johnson, K.R. (2003) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 19, 207-35.
    5. Christofori, G. (2003) EMBO J 22, 2318-23.
    6. Hazan, R.B. et al. (2004) Ann N Y Acad Sci 1014, 155-63.
    7. Shin, K. et al. (2006) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 22, 207-35.
    8. Oliveira, S.S. and Morgado-Díaz, J.A. (2007) Cell Mol Life Sci 64, 17-28.
    9. Matter, K. and Balda, M.S. (2007) J Cell Sci 120, 1505-11.
    10. Hernandez, S. et al. (2007) Exp Cell Res 313, 1533-47.
    11. Umeda, K. et al. (2006) Cell 126, 741-54.
    12. Reichert, M. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 9492-500.
    13. Helfand, B.T. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 133-41.
    14. Inukai, T. et al. (1999) Mol Cell 4, 343-52.
    15. Barrallo-Gimeno, A. and Nieto, M.A. (2005) Development 132, 3151-61.
    16. Bolós, V. et al. (2003) J Cell Sci 116, 499-511.
    17. Turner, F.E. et al. (2006) J Biol Chem 281, 21321-31.
    18. Lee, M.S. et al. (1999) J Cell Biochem 75, 566-77.
    19. Chen, Z.F. and Behringer, R.R. (1995) Genes Dev 9, 686-99.
    20. Yang, J. et al. (2004) Cell 117, 927-39.
    21. Watanabe, O. et al. (2005) Anticancer Res 24, 3851-6.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: P19022 , P37275 , P08670 , Q15672 , P12830 , Q07157 , O95832 , O43623


    Entrez-Gene Id: 1000 , 6935 , 7431 , 7291 , 999 , 7082 , 9076 , 6591


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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