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XML generation date: 2024-10-16 17:30:17.912
Product last modified at: 2024-12-11T13:45:30.465Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. TGF-β Fibrosis Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit

TGF-β Fibrosis Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit #77397

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The TGF-β Fibrosis Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of investigating activation of TGF-β/ SMAD2/3 signaling pathways in cells or tissues that lead to the expression of profibrotic genes, including expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin in activated fibroblasts, and upregulation of Collagen1A1, Col11A1, and YKL-40. The kit includes enough antibodies to perform at least two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    α-Smooth Muscle Actin (D4K9N) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total α-smooth muscle protein. COL1A1 (E8I9Z) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total COL1A1 protein. Smad2/3 (D7G7) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total Smad2/3 protein. Smad2 (D43B4) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total Smad2 protein. This antibody does not cross-react with Smad3. Phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/Ser467) (E8F3R) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Smad2 protein when phosphorylated at Ser465 and Ser467. YKL-40 (E2L1M) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total YKL-40 protein. Phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467)/Smad3 (Ser423/425) (D27F4) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Smad2 protein when phosphorylated at Ser465 and Ser467. This antibody also recognizes endogenous levels of Smad3 protein when phosphorylated at Ser422 only or at both Ser423 and Ser425. TGF-β (56E4) Rabbit mAb detects recombinant TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 proteins. The antibody also detects endogenous levels of the TGF-β precursor proteins. TGF-β Receptor II (E5M6F) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total TGF-β Receptor II protein. This antibody does not cross-react with TGF-β Receptor I protein.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human α-Smooth Muscle Actin protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Phe1197 of human COL1A1 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding His198 of human Smad2/3 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of mouse Smad2 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser465/467 of human Smad2 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human YKL-40 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser465/467 of human Smad2 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region in the carboxy terminus of TGF-β1 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant protein specific to the amino terminus of human TGF-β Receptor II protein.

    Background

    Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation, developmental patterning and morphogenesis, and disease pathogenesis (1-4). In the context of fibrosis, TGF-β signaling to SMAD2/3 is one of the biggest drivers of the profibrotic program (5).

    TGF-β elicits signaling through three cell surface receptors: type I (RI), type II (RII), and type III (RIII). In response to ligand binding, the type II receptors form stable heterotrimeric complexes with the type I receptors, allowing phosphorylation and activation of type I receptor kinase. Activated type I receptors associate with SMAD2/3 and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated SMADs dissociate from the receptor and form a heterotrimeric complex with the co-Smad (Smad4), allowing translocation of the complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, phosphorylated SMAD2/3 targets a subset of DNA binding proteins to regulate the transcriptional program (6-8).

    In the context of fibrosis, SMAD2/3 activation upregulates expression of profibrotic genes such as COL1A1 and other ECM modulators that modify the extracellular matrix of the tissue. (9). TGF-β/ SMAD2/3 signaling also induces expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin in fibroblasts, causing transformation of these cells to myofibroblasts (10). Myofibroblasts further modify the ECM, causing excessive accumulation of collagens and other ECM components. Injury to the tissue attracts macrophages and other immune cells and the fibrotic tissue soon becomes a site of inflammation (11). In this pro-fibrotic, pro-inflammatory environment, YKL-40, also known as Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), is secreted. YKL-40 is a pro-inflammatory glycoprotein that also contributes to the progression of fibrosis (12). Measurement of collagen content, α-Smooth Muscle Actin, and the release of YKL-40 are predictive of fibrotic activity.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: P36222 , P61812 , P84022 , P02452 , Q15796 , P62736 , P01137 , P10600 , P37173 , Q62432


    Entrez-Gene Id: 1116 , 7042 , 4088 , 1277 , 4087 , 59 , 7040 , 7043 , 7048 , 17126


    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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    XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    U.S. Patent No. 5,675,063.
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